Yes, I know it's a science blog. But for now, it's going to be Kate's Social Studies blog. So in honor for Black History month, I'm going to tell you guys about John Brown.

     When he was younger, John Brown hated slavery. He saw his friend Cyrus beaten with a shovel. When he moved to Massachusetts in 1846, he helped slaves move to Canada. Then in 1849, he went to New York to help slaves. He did this for six years. Also, he was part of the Underground Railroad. 

      In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska act let people vote on weather or not a state could be a slave state or not. Since John Brown really hated slavery he traveled to Kansas to free the state of slavery.

   While Brown was in Kansas there were many threats of violence. Many people wanted Kansas to be free and many wanted it be a slave state. On March 30th, 1855, five thousand people from Missouri who protested against Kansas being a free state took over Kansas's voting poles and threatened anyone who wanted it to be free. In 1856, Brown and his sons traveled to Pottawatomie Creek where they murdered 5 people who wanted slavery.

      After that, anyone who protested against Kansas was brutally murdered by Brown and his crew. Lots of people though he was an evil person. To people against slavery he was a hero. In 1858, Brown led men to Missouri to free slaves. There was many battles. One that led Brown to his death was the raid on Harper's Ferry.

   
      On October 16th, Brown's men got hostages and begin to march towards Harper's Ferry. People shot at them and Brown knew they were losing but he stayed and fought. The next morning, when the remaining soldiers gathered into a house, they were surrounded by soldiers outside. The soldiers said they would let them surrender and they could live but yet again John Brown refused to surrender. Brown was captured and hung.
 
    Even though some people say that John Brown was a cold hearted murderer, he did those things for the right reason. He was fighting for what he believed in and even though a lot of lives were lost, his actions still helped all of those slaves. Also his life, and many of his men's lives were lost too but they were sacrificing them selves for others to be free.

      Yesterday we learned about how awful the Civil War was. Many soldiers didn't get to see their families for over 2 years. If they were lucky, they might get a letter. Also when they got shot in the arm or leg or something, they would have to get it amputated. If they were lucky, they would not get disease. They didn't get food or supplies until 3 days at a time. I really liked how we got to choose what options to do as a soldier.

Bibliography:
https://encrypted-tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQBCHgxlVrZt0LfigEH8uq1Z1koxZZa7pzqgfg-1HzkTsQi1ZhP
https://encrypted-tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSi6zMyVQwyuerDWkQ6CuT3VApm-Cxx8ViEViOGY6kPC7DXtW--IQ
https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR2IRpxZGz23JxmENm36X5EHI4Gzh9Vr5WEg-KHh27nEcX3ZboP
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/usaweb/Images/kansas_c_brown.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQHLGMRtxGeRSKe4uSv5Q73bh1d-KqB4Bw2rMMvQIZrThtFWaGe
https://encrypted-tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR5Vs49gY_VmJa71PHLWTtHhqzGyMQklEmrq6LTbL7e_sG2Jdee1A

https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRKPhl5FxxOIL6fhK4c127zir-dfUxW6do8FEjN_K0iNFQu0lWu

From WAAAA! To MY HIP!

    If you're confused by the title, it's the phases of life! To toddler up to elder. So today we're going to be learning about different phases. But in cells! The first major phase in a cell is called interphase. In interphase, organelles in the cell are doubled. DNA is included in this process. It makes it so the cell can divide. In this stage ( also known as the "living stage") the cell gets nutrients and grows. So basically interphase is the stage where it gets the cell ready for mitosis: cell division, which is the next main stage of cells. It has phases inside it though.

       


     The first stage of Mitosis is Prophase. In Prophase, chromosomes become visible. The nuclear membrane begins to disappear and spindle apparatus form at opposite ends of the cell.
  
    The next stage in Mitosis is Metaphase. In Metaphase, Chromosomes become arranged on something called the Metaphase plate, which is in the very center of the cell.

     Anaphase, the next stage, chromosomes move two ways away from the Metaphase plate. At the end of Anaphase, there is two complete sets of chromosomes at each end of the cell.

    In Telophase, the chromosomes have been completed and the cell membrane for another daughter cell (other cell) forms around it.

    The last stage of Mitosis is Cytokinesis. In Cytokinesis, the cell is actually divided. The cytoplasm stretches in the center and the cell is completely divided.

       

You are now entering cell 1859274973

     
    That's how WE get out and in of a building. Simple right? Well how do substances get into cells? DA DA DA! It's time for an adventure! *travels to cell*
   AHH! Why can't I get in?! LET ME IN!

   Cell membrane: HEY YOU! You can't get in here! This cell is meant only for certain molecules that are helpful for the cell! 
  Me: *runs away screaming*

   
    Okay so now onto our next topic. DIFFUSION! Here's an example:

    When someone sprays something like air freshener or perfume, it's an act of a diffusion. When the person sprays the air freshener right in front of them, that's a high concentration area. Eventually, the air freshener begins to spread around the room (with its smell too) and those places are called low concentration areas.


     There are also different types of movement. One is passive transport which requires no energy from the cell. That leads into facilitated diffusion which is means of transport to substances. entering the cell. 

      Unlike passive transport, active transport needs energy...just like in real life.  In order for you to be active, you need energy! It needs energy because it pushes the molecule along the cell membrane and the molecule can't do that by itself.

   Ugh sadly there are more complicated words! Osmosis is when water molecules are diffused across the cell membrane. Endocytosis moves things outside of the cell to the cytoplasm and Exocytosis is moving things in the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell. Okay I think we're done with the big words!


    


     
     Wait...wait...WAIT! What happens when two cells are different sizes? Does it effect the diffusion process? I sense another adventure! 
Cell membrane: The bigger the cell membrane is, the faster substances can be diffused so we can't keep track of anything getting in so membranes tend to be smaller.
Me: Thanks buddy!
  Here are some links:
CLICK FOR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT!
CLICK FOR OSMOSIS!
http://www.maxanim.com/physiology/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytos
is.htm
Okay well bye! *exits dramatically*

   *type type type* Oh sorry you guys I was just on my "cell" phone. And no our topic is NOT technology but cells. Here's one right now:

This is an animal cell.

   

You are made up of millions and millions of cells. More than all of these people times 10.

      Cells are in any living thing. But there are different types. Some different types are plant and animal cells. Here are both types:

       Unlike animal cells,plant cells have chloroplast which allows them to produce their own food. Also animal cells are usually more round. Animal cells also have smaller vacuoles. 

     There are also  prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Both of them do the same things. Prokarvotic has a cell wall while eukarvotic. Okay you now what? These names are just so hard to say so I'm now referring to them as p cell and e cell. Also, e cells have cell membrane and p cells don't. P cells also don't have a true nucleus.

    Okay so now I'm going to talk about organelles (different parts) in cells. A cell membrane protects the cell like skin on us. It also decides what gets into the cell. The cytoplasm is a liquid like substance that all the organelles float on. The nucleus tells all of the organelles what to do...LIKE A BOSS! It also stores DNA
 Ribosomes are used to make proteins.

    The vacuole stores things that cell won't need until later. Lyosomes digest bad materials. It's only found in animal cells. Mitochondrion makes energy for the cell. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus and carry genetic information. Golgi bodies move protein around the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum produces protein.
Here are some websites:
Interactive plant or animal cell
Cell biolagy quiz!
MORe INFO ON CELLS!

ITS 2012 :)

      HAPPY 2012! 

     Oh and also Merry late Christmas because I wasn't here! So I wanna look back at some 2011 highlights. Here are some in picture form :):

SPRING DANCE!

Really good movie if you haven't seen it.

Rock Eagle

Aquarium! *hand signal*

RENISANSE FEST!

My friend Sormeh and at Midnight January 1st

:D

     So now I'm going to tell you guys what I'm looking forward to in 2012. Well first of all my birthday..in 2 days.

And House of Anubis on January 9th.

I know right! FINALLY!

    Ok, so as of right now..The Hunger Games movie comes out in exactly 79 days 9 hours 16 minutes and 52 seconds.

SO EXCITED!

           So what's your new years resolution? I have a lot. One of them is to stop procrastinating...which I've already broken...Oh well..I'll do it later. 

           So..what's you guys' new years resolution? Leave a comment of what it is.

   Okay so now I'm going to talk about what I did over break. Here are some pictures:

OPENING PRESENTS!

......

....., again

CHRISTMAS PHOTOBOOTH

Bye you guys!

ITS A DIAPHRAGM SPASM!

      * HCUP HCUP HCUP HCUP HCUP* Ahh! What's happening to *HCUP* me?! I will *HCUP* look this up. 
       
     SUCCESS! I have found the answer to my illness! I'M HAVING DIAPHRAGM  SPASMS! Otherwise know as hiccups. The diaphragm is the sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen.We randomly make the hiccup sound when air is stopped by our vocal cords. 

        So, what causes hiccups? Here are some reasons:

Eating too quickley

Being excited or stressed out

Smoking

Drinking a hot drink,like coffee, and then a cold drink, like water.

      *HCUP* Thankfully, hiccups only last a couple of minutes and- wait there's something called... persistent hiccups. That's if they last MORE THAN 48 HOURS! I can't imagine having hiccups for that long! But don't worry. Those type of hiccups only occur if you have and illness like anesthesia.  

        Did I scare you? Getting scared to take away hiccups is just a myth. However, there are other ways to get rid of hiccups too:

• Drinking cold water quickly
• Holding your breath for 10 seconds
• Eating a teaspoon of sugar like this guy

     Here are some fun facts about hiccups: The longest case of hiccups was 6 decades. Hiccup originated from the word hiccough meaning respiratory spasm. Another definition would be sobbing while breathing. 

Everyone gets hiccups! Even Arthur! :)

    Here are some links:

Hiccups quiz!

FUN FACTS!

some more info

Well, I guess my blog is over. WAIT UNTIL MY FATHER HEARS ABOUT THIS!